DH 120 - Periodontics I

1. Assess normal characteristics of periodontal gross and microanatomy in order to be able to analyze the periodontium for health or disease status.
   1. list the four main structures of the periodontium, including their microanatomy.
   2. discuss the three types of oral mucosa.
   3. describe the five areas of the gingiva, including the following:
      1. boundaries
      2. clinical characteristics including healthy appearance
   4. explain what crevicular fluid is and what it does.
   5. compare and contrast histologic characteristics of oral epithelium and sulcular junctional epithelium.
   6. describe the lamina propria and the five major/six minor fiber groups involved with it.
   7. explain the purpose and functions of the periodontal ligament, include the major bundle groups.
   8. explain the purpose, type and anatomical terms of the alveolar bone.
   9. describe the normal contours in relationship to teeth and defects that can occur in alveolar bone.
   10. discuss the purpose and width of cementum.
   11. review and discuss the vascular supply, lymphatic and innervation of the periodontium.
2. Interpret and utilize periodontal indices both in assessment of patients and understanding epidemiology community findings.
   1. Define the following terms:
      1. epidemiology
      2. index
      3. PSR
   2. Explain various periodontal indices.
   3. Discuss the following factors in relationship to the prevalence and type of periodontal disease:
      1. host (age, sex, race, intraoral, and endocrine)
      2. environmental and etiological risk factors.
3. Recognize and document the presence of local extrinsic and systemic intrinsic factors involved in the periodontal status of each patient.
   1. Define etiology.
   2. Explain why the etiology of periodontal disease is so complex.
   3. Differentiate between Extrinsic etiologic factors, Extrinsic contributing factors (local) and Intrinsic (systemic) contributing factors and whether or not they are direct causative or modifying agents (predisposing factors).
   4. Review the stages of development and composition of supra- and subgingival plaque.
   5. Discuss the pathogenic effect of plaque on the periodontium. Include the effects from the following items:
      1. bacterial invasion of the periodontal tissues
      2. direct injury
      3. host response within the immune system
   6. Review the formation, composition, modes of attachment, and mechanisms of mineralization of supra- and subgingival plaque (i.e., calculus).
   7. Identify the microorganisms specifically associated with diseases of the periodontium.
4. Recognize and document the assessment data to communicate to the dentist for diagnosis and treatment planning.
   1. Describe when the following clinical terms are used:
      1. slight
      2. moderate
      3. severe
      4. acute
      5. subacute
      6. chronic
      7. localized
      8. generalized
      9. papillary
      10. marginal
      11. diffuse
   2. Correlate the visible oral changes of the gingiva in relationship to the histopathologic events of each stage in the pathogenesis of the various types of gingival conditions listed below . Keep in mind the following items to assess:
      1. color
      2. size
      3. shape
      4. consistency
      5. surface texture
      6. position
      7. bleeding
      8. exudate
   3. State the etiological factors, prognosis, and the role of the dental hygienist in the treatment, and prevention of the conditions listed below:
      1. Chronic Plaque Associated Gingivitis: a. simple, b. modified by factors
      2. Steroid/Hormone Therapy: a. Puberty, b. Pregnancy
      3. Gingival Enlargement -
      4. Inflammatory/Noninflammatory
      5. Hypertrophy (Modified by local factors: a. Mouth Breathing, b. Eruption)
      6. Hyperplasia
      7. Medications
      8. Familial
      9. Neoplasia
      10. Acute Gingivitis
      11. Leukemia
      12. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
      13. Acute Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
      14. Allergic
      15. Other: a. Lichen Planus, Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, Degenerative Conditions of Desquamative Gingivitis
5. Aid in the identification of etiologic factors and diagno