DH 110 - Dental Infection Control

1. Describe the role microorganisms play in the development and spread of disease.
   1. List the steps in the development of an infectious disease
   2. Describe how each stage of an infectious disease is involved in the spread of disease to others
   3. Differentiate between direct, indirect, droplet, and airborne spread of disease agents
   4. List the four mechanisms by which we defend ourselves against pathogenic microbes
   5. Describe the routes of entry of microbes and how they relate to disease development
   6. Describe how breaking the chain of infection leads to prevention of a disease
   7. List mechanisms we can use to defend ourselves against pathogenic microbes
   8. Describe how immunity is involved in protecting against infectious diseases and how it can cause damage to the body
   9. List the various ways infectious disease may emerge and give an example of each
   10. List some infectious diseases that have appeared since 1970
   11. List the blood borne pathogens important to dentistry
   12. Compare the major types of viral hepatitis
   13. Describe the antigens and antibodies related to the different types of hepatitis
   14. Describe the relative infectivity of hepatitis and HIV after an occupational exposure
   15. List ways to prevent the spread of HIV
   16. List respiratory infectious disease that may be spread in the dental office
   17. List waterborne disease agents that may be spread through contaminated dental unit water
   18. Discuss how to prevent the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the dental office
   19. Describe instances where the Herpes virus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella pneumophila were transmitted in dental settings.
   20. Describe various instances where Hepatitis B was spread in a dental setting.
   21. Describe instances where Hepatitis C, HIV, and Mycobacterium abscessus were transmitted in a dental setting.
   22. Describe biofilm and how it forms inside dental water lines
   23. List the microbes that may be present in dental unit water and explain their significance
   24. Describe the procedures for monitoring the quality and reducing the microbial quantity in dental unit water
2. Describe the need for following the CDC recommendations and OSHA standards for infection control practices
   1. Describe the goal of infection control
   2. Summarize the recommendations for infection control in dentistry from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention
   3. Summarize the bloodborne pathogens standard from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
   4. Describe the role played by governmental and professional organizations in dental infection control
   5. Describe how infection control procedures can be used to interfere with the different pathways of microbial spread in the dental office
   6. Describe steps in developing a safety culture.
   7. List examples of infection control elements that can be evaluated.
   8. List some "behind the scenes" activities that facilitate patient and dental personnel safety.
   9. List infection control benefits for patients as well as for dental personnel.
   10. Discuss the CDC's list of recommended vaccines for preventable diseases for health care workers
   11. Describe the vaccination processes for tetanus, influenza, and hepatitis B
   12. Discuss the risks associated with missing important vaccines
   13. Describe some of the risks from sharps injuries.
   14. List some examples of when sharps injuries may occur in a dental office and describe how they can be prevented.
   15. Describe the mission statement of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and why OSHA was formed
   16. List what persons are covered by OSHA standards
   17. Discuss how OSHA standards are developed
   18. Discuss Michigan OSHA plans
   19. List the OSHA standards that apply to dentistry
   20. Outline why and how OSHA conducts workplace inspection
   21. Describe the possible outcomes of an OSHA inspection
   22. Identify ways that dental offices can proactively prepare for an OSHA inspection
   23. Describe how to limit the spread of disease agents from the hands to environmental surfaces and from dental aerosols and spatter
   24. Describe the importance of the high-volume evacuator (HVE) in infection control
   25. Describe the use of pre-procedure mouth rinses
   26. Describe the proper use of disposable items
   27. Describe proper housekeeping and cleaning considerations of a dental office
3. Summarize effective infection control procedures for patient care, sterilization and disposal of various dental waste according to CDC recommendations and OSHA standards
   1. Describe how the hands are a means of disease spread
   2. Differentiate between resident and transient skin flora
   3. Describe the types of products available for hand hygiene and their uses
   4. Describe the procedures for hand hygiene and when hand hygiene should be performed
   5. List properties to consider when selecting hand hygiene products and other hand hygiene considerations
   6. Describe the protective value of gloves and list their uses, types, limitations, and the harmful reactions that can occur from their use.
   7. Describe the value of masks, protective eyewear, and protective clothing and list their uses, types, and limitations.
   8. Differentiate between sterilization and disinfection         
   9. Differentiate between critical, semi-critical, and non-critical patient care items, including the differences in how such items are processed.
   10. Explain the steps involved in instrument processing.
   11. Describe how to perform instrument cleaning safely
   12. Determine which packaging materials are used for which methods of sterilization
   13. Describe the physical conditions, advantages, and precautions related to steam, dry heat, and unsaturated chemical vapor sterilization.
   14. Describe how to perform the methods of sterilization monitoring and what to do when failure is detected
   15. Describe how to handle, store, and distribute sterilized instruments to maintain sterility
   16. Describe how to sterilize handpieces and heat-sensitive instruments
   17. Describe what causes sterilization failures and what to do when they are detected
   18. Differentiate between clinical contact surfaces and housekeeping surfaces.
   19. List the operatory surfaces needing barriers before patient care and describe how to place and remove surface barriers properly.
   20. Differentiate between low-intermediate and high-level disinfectants and give examples when each should be used.
   21. Describe why it is important to read disinfectant labels
   22. Describe how to preclean and disinfect contaminated surfaces and equipment
   23. Describe how to retrieve and distribute clinical supply items aseptically
   24. List general considerations for dental equipment decontamination and management of high-tech equipment in the dental office
   25. Discuss proper handling of various types of non-regulated and regulated medical waste.
   26. Identify the federal agencies that regulate dental waste.
   27. Describe the proper use of sharps containers
   28. Describe how to maintain safety culture
   29. Describe the infection control techniques used in a patient appointment, before, during and after treatment.
   30. Describe infection control procedures for laboratory asepsis
   31. List resources that provide standard operating procedures and discuss the responsibilities for the dental health care provider
4. Apply effective standard precautions for the prevention of disease transmission in the dental setting
   1. Demonstrate proficiency in hand washing and donning of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   2. Demonstrate proficiency in disinfection procedures of the dental unit, operatory, and chairs utilizing the 4x4 two-wipe technique according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   3. Demonstrate proficiency in preparation and storage of dental instruments for sterilization utilizing a cassette, Hydrim G4 instrument washer and packaging materials according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   4. Demonstrate proficiency in sterilization of packaged instruments utilizing the Bravo steam sterilizer and summarize the maintenance according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   5. Demonstrate proficiency in sterilization of packaged instruments utilizing the Statim steam sterilizer and discuss the maintenance according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   6. Demonstrate proficiency in sterilization of packaged cassettes utilizing the Magnaclave steam sterilizer and summarize the maintenance according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   7. Demonstrate proficiency in preparation, packaging and storage of individual dental instruments prior to steam sterilization utilizing the ultrasonic equipment according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   8. Demonstrate proficiency in maintenance and preparation for sterilization of the Esamate Hand Piece according to specified criteria at stated competencies.
   9. Demonstrate proficiency in biological monitoring utilizing a biological indicator vial, steam sterilizer equipment and incubator according to specified criteria at stated competencies.