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DH 214W - Dental MaterialsCredits: 4 Instructional Contact Hours: 6
Presents theory and clinical application related to properties and manipulation of dental materials and devices used in dental procedures.
Prerequisite(s): DH 124B , DH 130 , DH 131 , DH 135 and LWA 206B each with a "C" (2.0) minimum grade. Corequisite(s): DH 210W , DH 213 , DH 215 , DH 216W , DH 219W Lecture Hours: 45 Lab Hours: 45 Meets MTA Requirement: None Pass/NoCredit: No
Outcomes and Objectives
- Demonstrate understanding of specific dental materials.
- Define the key words and phrases related to physical and mechanical properties
- Relate the physical properties of materials to their use in dentistry
- Explain the concept of wetting when a drop of liquid is placed on a surface
- Name the units of measure for density, heat capacity, stress, strain, and modulus of elasticity
- Explain how proportional limit, elastic limit and yield point are related
- Give examples of each type of stress found in everyday life
- Describe situations in which dental materials are subjected to bending stresses when in function.
- Compare and contrast toughness and hardness by describing examples
- Explain the difference between stress, relaxation and creep
- Discuss the phenomenon of stress concentration, and compare its effects on a poorly placed amalgam restoration as well as on a properly placed one.
- Describe specific physical and mechanical properties of various Impression materials
- Describe the use of impression materials during indirect restorative procedures
- List the desirable qualities of an impression material
- Differentiate between a model, a cast and a die
- Describe various impression trays
- List the oral structures from which impressions are made
- Differentiate between Elastic/Inelastic and Reversible/Irreversible impression materials
- Describe the composition and setting mechanism of various impression materials
- Compare the properties, use, and cost of various impression materials
- Describe the effect of water temperature on the setting rate of alginate
- Describe the effect of water and heat on the setting rate of polysulfides
- Recall the reasons for using addition silicone impression material
- Summarize the steps in preparing the putty (tray) and wash (syringe) material for an addition silicone impression
- Describe the specific physical and mechanical properties of gypsum materials
- Discuss major differences between dental plaster, stone and improved stone
- Explain the meaning of initial and final setting times
- Discuss how to increase and decrease the setting times of gypsum products
- Discuss wet and dry strength as it relates to gypsum products
- Summarize the recommended technique for use of gypsum products for measuring, mixing, and filling the impression utilizing hand and vacuum mixing
- Differentiate the difference between fabrication of a diagnostic cast and a study model
- Describe, in order, the cast cuts that are used to trim a study model for patient consultation and dental treatment planning
- Explain the laboratory safety procedures and necessary equipment for use in the laboratory mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Explain the oral environment in relationship to the selection, standards, and various classifications of dental materials
- Summarize the reasons why a dental hygienist should be knowledgeable in the science of dental materials
- Explain the difference between biomaterials and dental materials
- Identify characteristics or properties a dental material must possess to survive in the oral environment
- Explain the ADA, FDA, and ISO's roles in evaluating and/or classifying dental drugs, materials, instruments, and equipment
- Discuss ways dental materials may be classified
- Discuss the locations of various cavity classifications and select an appropriate material for each location.
- Discuss dental materials using scientific terminology in relationship to their properties
- Recall the differentiating characteristics of each phase, regarding the varying amounts of attraction between molecules and atoms, into which materials are classified
- Explain the basic differences between primary and secondary bonds
- Describe the differences between various primary bonds
- Summarize the similarities and differences of secondary bonds, which include permanent dipoles, hydrogen bonds, and fluctuating dipoles
- Contrast the bonding characteristics of metals, ceramics, plastics and composites
- Compare any similarities and differences of colloids and emulsions.
- Describe various physical and mechanical properties of Direct Polymeric Restorative Materials and adhesives
- Differentiate between polymerization and addition polymerization
- Summarize the steps in addition polymerization
- Discuss polymerization shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion and abrasion resistance in relationship to restorative resins
- Summarize the relationship between a filler particle, the matrix, and the coupling agent of a composite restorative material.
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of light-activated and chemically activated composite materials.
- Explain the importance of proper eye protection when light-curing dental materials.
- Relate the importance of each step in placing dental composites
- Summarize the properties of filler particles found in dental composites
- Explain briefly the reason for the development of flowable and condensable composites
- Assess the positive and negative characteristics of light-cure and chemical-cure glass ionomer cements
- Discuss the similarities between compomers, glass ionomers, and composites
- Describe a dental adhesive
- Compare micromechanical bonding and macromechanical bonding using examples
- Recall benefits the patient receives from restorations that are bonded to tooth structure
- Compare the differences between the microanatomy of enamel and dentin regarding etching and bonding
- Discuss earlier fallacies about dentinal bonding and how research has changed current practice
- Summarize the differences between glass ionomer cements and dentinal bonding
- Describe various physical and mechanical properties of Amalgam
- Differentiate between an amalgam alloy and a dental amalgam
- Compare the composition of conventional and high-copper dental amalgams
- Describe the function of the major elements of dental amalgams
- Discuss the self –sealing property of amalgam
- Describe the various shapes of amalgam alloy particles
- Describe the effect of moisture contamination on amalgam
- Compare properties of direct gold restorations
- Discuss the trituration and setting processes
- Describe the reactions involved in both conventional and high-copper amalgams
- Recall the composition, relative strength, and relative corrosion resistance of the four most common amalgam phases
- Describe the properties of acrylic resins used in constructing removable prostheses
- List the uses of acrylic resins in dentistry
- Explain the physical and chemical stages of polymerization of acrylic resins
- Describe the function of the components of heat activated and chemically activated acrylic resin systems
- Describe the steps in involved in construction of a denture
- Summarize the procedures used to reline a denture
- Explain the dental hygienist’s role in maintenance of an acrylic prosthesis
- Describe an effective infection control protocol for handling dental appliances that are transferred between a dental office and office lab/commercial lab
- Explain and demonstrate the procedure for disinfecting dentures and other dental appliances after they have been processed or adjusted
- Describe the infection control protocol that must be followed when grinding or polishing dentures
- Review the preferred method of sterilizing or disinfecting instruments or items used during manipulation of prostheses
- Summarize the factors in selecting and applying various polishing materials for patient care
- Define various terms related to polishing materials
- Recall the common abrasives that may be used for clinical or laboratory procedures
- Compare and contrast examples of polishing procedures that exemplify two-body and three-body abrasion
- Summarize factors that may influence the dental hygienist’s selection of polishing materials for patient care based on the rate of abrasion
- Discuss the reasons why tooth structure and restorations are polished
- List the steps, scratches produced and wavelength of visible light of the polishing process
- Describe the differences between selective polishing and essential selective polishing
- Describe the characteristics of an acceptable prophylaxis paste
- Identify the types of restorations that cannot be polished with an air powder polisher
- Identify the restorative materials, dental tissues, and periodontal tissues that are compatible with various air polishing powders
- Identify various dental materials and tissues utilizing radiographs
- Explain, radiographically, why dental tissues and materials appear radiopaque or radiolucent
- Integrate the radiographic appearance of dental tissues and materials with clinical information to assess the patient’s status of health or disease
- Compare and contrast mixing procedures of various dental cements based on their properties for various dental procedures
- Describe various uses of dental cements
- Explain the importance of adhesion and microleakage of dental cements
- Describe the use of a cavity varnish or cavity sealer
- Describe the differences between the two cement powders and three cement liquids
- Explain the setting reaction of a typical dental cement
- Discuss the properties, based on properties of the liquid and powder, of various dental cements
- Summarize the mixing process for Zinc-oxide-eugenol (ZOE), non-eugenol zinc oxide, Zinc Phosphate, Polycarboxylate, and Glass Ionomer cements
- List the information recorded in the patient’s chart when removing a periodontal dressing
- Differentiate between various types of periodontal dressings
- Describe the use and advantages of a resin composite cement
- Recall the approximate mixing and setting times for the various liners, bases, and cements
- State the appropriate cleaning agent to remove various cements from mixing armamentarium before the material sets
- Explain the complexity of determining the vitality of the pulp of a tooth
- List the clinical and radiographic observations that suggest loss of vitality of a tooth
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of pulp testing
- Compare and contrast the various pulp tests
- Explain the need for other assessment data to determine if a tooth is non-vital
- Compare and contrast construction of various oral appliances for patient use based on properties of the thermoplastic material selected
- List the different oral appliances used in dentistry
- Describe the reasons for the use of various oral appliances
- Discuss the properties of different thermoplastic materials used in the fabrication of oral appliances
- Explain the steps involved in fabricating various oral appliances
- Describe the proper maintenance of oral appliances
- Formulate a script that may be used for patient education regarding oral appliances
- Effectively provide lab services for the patient.
- Implement the dental hygiene process of care during all steps of the lab procedures.
- Demonstrate proficiency in placement/removal of the rubber dam according to specified criteria on utilizing appropriate armamentarium and standard precautions according to specified criteria at stated competencies
- Identify corrosion of and demonstrate proficiency in polishing an amalgam restoration on an extracted tooth utilizing the proper armamentarium according to the specified criteria at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in fabrication and trimming of Orthodontic Plaster/Stone study models for patient case presentation utilizing safety protocol with appropriate equipment according to specified criteria at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in constructing and evaluating a mouthguard for a classmate according to specified criteria utilizing appropriate equipment, safety protocol and standard precautions at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in placement and removal of periodontal dressing according to specified criteria utilizing appropriate armamentarium and standard precautions at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in constructing and evaluating whitening trays according to specified criteria utilizing appropriate equipment, safety protocol and standard precautions at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in placement of sealant material on a treatment planned tooth according to specified criteria utilizing appropriate armamentarium, 4-handed dentistry, and standard precautions at the stated competencies
- Demonstrate proficiency in maxillary and mandibular alginate impression procedures on and evaluate the impressions according to specific criteria utilizing standard precautions at the stated competency.
- Demonstrate proficiency in pulp testing on a vital tooth according to specified criteria utilizing the electrical pulp tester and standard precautions at the stated competency
- Demonstrate proficiency in mixing Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) to various consistencies according to specified criteria at the stated competencies.
- Demonstrate proficiency in placement of a temporary restoration of a Class V prepared plastic tooth and evaluate the final product according to the specified criteria at the stated competency.
- Summarize the dental hygiene scope of practice for the State of Michigan related to lab services.
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