DMS 202 - Ultrasound Seminar I

1. Demonstrate knowledge of anatomy and sonographic appearances for the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal face and neck.
   1. Identify normal face and neck anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss protocol and normal parameters for imaging fetal translucency in the 1st trimester fetus
   4. Discuss protocol and normal parameters for imaging nuchal fold in the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetus
2. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal face and neck.
   1. Identify abnormal facial features and correlate with diagnoses including syndromes and/or chromosome anomalies
   2. Identify abnormal neck features and correlate with diagnoses including syndromes and/or chromosome anomalies
   3. Discuss Turner's syndrome as it relates to cystic hygroma
3. Demonstrate knowledge of chromosome anomalies and other syndromes as they relate to sonographic findings and patient clinical history.
   1. List common chromosome anomalies and correlate to sonographic findings
   2. Define syndrome, association, and malformation
   3. Describe genetic testing procedures to include:
      1. AFP
      2. Amniocentesis
      3. Chorionic villus sampling
      4. Cordocentesis
      5. Embryoscopy
      6. Triple screen
      7. Quadruple screen
   4. Define terms associated with genetic syndromes to include
      1. Aneuploidy
      2. Triploidy
      3. Trisomy
      4. Dominant
      5. Recessive
      6. X-lined
      7. Karyotype, genotype, phenotype
   5. List pathologies associated with abnormal AFP levels
4. Demonstrate knowledge of fatty liver or HELLP syndrome as it relates to pregnancy.
   1. Define HELLP syndrome
   2. List maternal and fetal sonographic findings for HELLP syndrome
   3. Discuss clinical history associated with HELLP syndrome
5. Demonstrate knowledge of the sonographer’s role and response for catastrophic events.
   1. Define terms relating to catastrophic events such as epidemic, pandemic, etc.
   2. Discuss government agencies involved with catastrophic events and their relationship with healthcare institutions
   3. Discuss the sonographer’s response and role during and after a catastrophic event
   4. Define “All-hazards preparedness”
   5. Discuss severe weather and bomb threat protocols
6. Demonstrate knowledge of the role of sonography in managing the infertility patient.
   1. Define infertility
   2. Define ART
   3. Discuss the role of sonography ART
   4. List causes of infertility
   5. Describe the protocol for sonographic imaging for the infertility patient undergoing treatment
   6. List common infertility drugs
   7. Describe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
   8. Describe infertility treatments to include GIFT, ZIFT, IVF and TET
   9. Discuss the hormonal cycle and early pregnancy terminology as it relates to infertility
7. Demonstrate knowledge of anatomy and sonographic appearance of the fetal heart.
   1. Identify normal anatomy
   2. Describe fetal heart orientation within the chest
   3. Discuss transducer and equipment requirements
   4. Discuss scan orientation and views for fetal heart imaging
   5. Discuss normal fetal cardiovascular circulation
8. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its corresponding sonographic findings of the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal heart.
   1. Describe fetal heart anomalies to include:
      1. ASD / VSD
      2. Transposition of the great vessels
      3. Truncus arteriosus
      4. Double outlet ventricles
      5. Hypoplastic right or left heart
      6. Ebstein’s anomaly
      7. Tetralogy of Fallot
      8. Coarctation of the aorta
      9. Arrhythmias
      10. Cardiomyopathy
9. Demonstrate knowledge of anatomy and sonographic appearance for normal MSK structures as related to sonographic imaging.
   1. Discuss transducer and equipment requirements
   2. Discuss proper scan orientation
   3. List uses for MSK sonographic imaging
   4. Demonstrate knowledge of MSK terminology
   5. Describe normal anatomy and sonographic appearance to include muscle, tendon, ligament, joint spaces
   6. Describe the rotator cuff protocol
   7. Describe a basic protocol for muscle, tendon, ligament and joint imaging
10. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for MSK imaging.
    1. Describe sonographic findings for rotator cuff tear
    2. Describe sonographic findings for inflammation of the MSK system
    3. Describe sonographic findings for tendon/muscle/ligament tears
    4. Discuss neuroma and correlating sonographic findings
    5. Define Baker’s cyst and correlating sonographic findings
11. Demonstrate knowledge of normal anatomy and pathology and its correlation to sonographic findings for the pediatric hip.
    1. Identify normal and relational anatomy along with sonographic appearance
    2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
    3. Discuss proper scan orientation
    4. Describe a pediatric hip protocol
    5. List indications for pediatric hip imaging
    6. Describe congenital dysplasia of the hip and correlate with sonographic findings
    7. Describe the alpha angle used to determine acetabulum depth
12. Demonstrate knowledge of normal anatomy and pathology and its corresponding sonographic findings for the pediatric spine.
    1. Identify normal and relational anatomy along with sonographic appearance
    2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
    3. Discuss proper scan orientation
    4. Describe a pediatric spine protocol
    5. List indications for pediatric spine imaging
    6. Describe a tethered spinal cord and correlate to sonographic findings
    7. Define lipomyelomeningocele, distematomyelia and Arnold Chiari malformation
13. Demonstrate knowledge of normal and abnormal lab values as they relate to abdominal sonographic imaging.
    1. ding to the liver/biliary system
    2. List labs corresponding to the urinary system
    3. List labs corresponding to the pancreas
    4. Describe the difference between total, direct and indirect bilirubin
    5. Describe the two functions of the liver and the relationship to lab values
    6. Define “plasma clearance” and “synthesis”
    7. Describe lab values in relationship to liver/biliary pathology
    8. Describe lab values in relationship to urinary pathology
    9. Describe lab values in relationship to pancreas pathology
14. Demonstrate knowledge in image interpretation and case analysis.
    1. Demonstrate the use of appropriate sonographic terms to describe pathology
    2. Analyze a sonographic case to determine pathology differentials
    3. Identify key pathology differentials based on patient clinical data and sonographic findings
15. Demonstrates understanding of the role of the sonographer in evaluating scanning protocol modifications based on the sonographic findings and differential diagnosis.
    1. Demonstrate ability to recognize indications and contraindications for the exam and exam modification
    2. Demonstrate ability to correlate patient history with sonographic findings and make exam modifications as necessary
    3. Demonstrate ability to correlate exam findings with patient history to produce a differential list
16. Demonstrates understanding of the role of the sonographer in patient management.
    1. Demonstrates the ability to take a complete patient history according to the exam ordered
    2. Demonstrates the ability to correlate patient history with related imaging, other testing and lab procedures and outcomes