DMS 202 - Ultrasound Seminar I

Credits: 4
Instructional Contact Hours: 4

1. Demonstrate knowledge of anatomy and sonographic appearances for the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal face and neck.
   1. Identify normal face and neck anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss protocol and normal parameters for imaging fetal translucency in the 1st trimester fetus
   4. Discuss protocol and normal parameters for imaging nuchal fold in the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetus
2. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal face and neck.
   1. Identify abnormal facial features and correlate with diagnoses including syndromes and/or chromosome anomalies
   2. Identify abnormal neck features and correlate with diagnoses including syndromes and/or chromosome anomalies
   3. Discuss Turner's syndrome as it relates to cystic hygroma
3. Demonstrate knowledge of chromosome anomalies and other syndromes as they relate to sonographic findings and patient clinical history.
   1. List common chromosome anomalies and correlate to sonographic findings
   2. Define syndrome, association, and malformation
   3. Describe genetic testing procedures to include:
      1. AFP
      2. Amniocentesis
      3. Chorionic villus sampling
      4. Cordocentesis
      5. Embryoscopy
      6. Triple screen
      7. Quadruple screen
   4. Define terms associated with genetic syndromes to include
      1. Aneuploidy
      2. Triploidy
      3. Trisomy
      4. Dominant
      5. Recessive
      6. X-lined
      7. Karyotype, genotype, phenotype
   5. List pathologies associated with abnormal AFP levels
4. Demonstrate knowledge of fatty liver or HELLP syndrome as it relates to pregnancy.
   1. Define HELLP syndrome
   2. List maternal and fetal sonographic findings for HELLP syndrome
   3. Discuss clinical history associated with HELLP syndrome
5. Demonstrate knowledge of the role of sonography in managing the infertility patient.
   1. Define infertility
   2. Define ART
   3. Discuss the role of sonography ART
   4. List causes of infertility
   5. Describe the protocol for sonographic imaging for the infertility patient undergoing treatment
   6. List common infertility drugs
   7. Describe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
   8. Describe infertility treatments to include GIFT, ZIFT, IVF and TET
   9. Discuss the hormonal cycle and early pregnancy terminology as it relates to infertility
6. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its corresponding sonographic findings of the 2nd and 3rd trimester fetal heart.
   1. Describe fetal heart anomalies to include:
      1. ASD / VSD
      2. Transposition of the great vessels
      3. Truncus arteriosus
      4. Double outlet ventricles
      5. Hypoplastic right or left heart
      6. Ebstein’s anomaly
      7. Tetralogy of Fallot
      8. Coarctation of the aorta
      9. Arrhythmias
      10. Cardiomyopathy
7. Demonstrate knowledge of normal and abnormal lab values as they relate to abdominal sonographic imaging.
   1. List labs corresponding to the liver/biliary system
   2. List labs corresponding to the urinary system
   3. List labs corresponding to the pancreas
   4. Describe the difference between total, direct and indirect bilirubin
   5. Describe the two functions of the liver and the relationship to lab values
   6. Define “plasma clearance” and “synthesis”
   7. Describe lab values in relationship to liver/biliary pathology
   8. Describe lab values in relationship to urinary pathology
   9. Describe lab values in relationship to pancreas pathology
8. Demonstrate knowledge in image interpretation and case analysis.
   1. Demonstrate the use of appropriate sonographic terms to describe pathology
   2. Analyze a sonographic case to determine pathology differentials
   3. Identify key pathology differentials based on patient clinical data and sonographic findings
9. Demonstrates understanding of the role of the sonographer in evaluating scanning protocol modifications based on the sonographic findings and differential diagnosis.
   1. Demonstrate ability to recognize indications and contraindications for the exam and exam modification
   2. Demonstrate ability to correlate patient history with sonographic findings and make exam modifications as necessary
   3. Demonstrate ability to correlate exam findings with patient history to produce a differential list
10. Demonstrates understanding of the role of the sonographer in patient management.
    1. Demonstrates the ability to take a complete patient history according to the exam ordered
    2. Demonstrates the ability to correlate patient history with related imaging, other testing and lab procedures and outcomes
11. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the spleen

A. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:

1. Primary and secondary malignancies
2. Splenomegaly
3. Congenital anomalies
4. Gaucher’s disease
5. Trauma
6. Infarction
7. Granulomatous infections

B.  Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable

C. Identify labs that correlate with spleen pathology

12. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the adrenal gland.

A.  Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:

1. Primary and secondary malignancies
2. Splenomegaly
3. Congenital anomalies
4. Gaucher’s disease
5. Trauma
6. Infarction
7. Granulomatous infections

B. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable

C. Identify labs that correlate with spleen pathology

13. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the adrenal gland.

1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:

1. Addison’s disease
2. Cushing’s disease
3. Conn’s syndrome
4. Adenoma
5. Pheochromocytoma
6. Neuroblastoma
7. Metastases
8. Adrenal hemorrhage

2. Describe adrenal function as it relates to the cortex and medulla
3. Describe Doppler techniques and application where applicable
4. Identify labs that correlate with adrenal pathology

14. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the abdominal wall, peritoneum, and retroperitoneum.

1. Describe the sonographic findings, clinical history and correlation for pathology and disease processes to include:

1. Abdominal wall hernia
2. Abdominal wall hematoma, abscess and fluid collection
3. Abdominal wall tumors
4. Ascites
5. Peritoneal and retroperitoneal fluid collections
6. Peritoneal and retroperitoneal masses
7. Spontaneous hemorrhage
8. Retroperitoneal fibrosis

2. Discuss protocols, transducer selection and scan plane orientation for “A” above.

15. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the pediatric abdomen.

1. Discuss protocols and transducer selection for the pediatric abdomen
2. Describe sonographic findings, clinical history and correlation for pathology and disease process to include:

1. Biliary atresia
2. Choledochal cysts
3. Other biliary disease processes and congenital anomalies
4. Hepatoblastoma
5. Cirrhosis
6. Hepatitis
7. Cholelithiasis
8. Urinary obstruction
9. Wilm’s tumor
10. Neuroblastoma
11. Imperforate anus

16. Demonstrate knowledge of anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal neonatal brain.

1. Discuss transducer and equipment requirements
2. Identify normal anatomy
3. Discuss proper scan orientation
4. Describe the protocol for neonatal brain imaging

17. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the neonatal brain.

1. Describe sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:

1. Grading and identification of hemorrhages
2. Periventricular leukomalacia
3. Ventriculomegaly / hydrocephalus
4. Agenesis of the corpus callosum
5. Dandy-Walker syndrome
6. Holoprosencephaly
7. Arnold Chiari malformation
8. Hydrancephaly
9. Porencephalic cyst
10. Vein of Galen aneurysm

2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable

18.  Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the prostate.

1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
3. Discuss proper scan orientation
4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
6. Discuss the protocol for a prostate sonogram

19.  Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the prostate.

1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes
2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable