DMS 103 - Introduction to Abdominal Sonography

1.  Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal liver.
   1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss proper scan orientation
   4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
   5.  Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
   6. Discuss the protocol for a liver sonogram
2. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the liver.
   1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:
      1. Fatty liver disease
      2. Cirrhosis
      3. Hepatitis
      4. Liver tumors
      5. Metastases
      6. Glycogen storage disease
      7. Parasitic inflammation
      8. Portal hypertension
      9. Candidiasis
      10. Liver disease progression
      11. Liver cysts
      12. Budd-Chiari syndrome
   2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable
3.  Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal gallbladder and biliary system.
   1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss proper scan orientation
   4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
   5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
   6. Discuss the protocol for a gallbladder/biliary sonogram
4. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the gallbladder and biliary system.
   1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:
      1. Cholelithiasis
      2. Cholecystitis
      3. Gallbladder carcinoma
      4. Choledochal cyst
      5. Adenomyomatosis
      6. Cholesterolosis
      7. Caroli's disease
      8. Cholangitis
      9. Choledocholithiasis
      10. Cholangiocarcinoma
      11. Pneumobiia
      12. Duplicated gallbladder
   2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable
5. Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal pancreas.
   1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss proper scan orientation
   4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
   5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
   6. Discuss the protocol for a pancreas sonogram
6. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the pancreas.
   1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:
      1. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
      2. Pancreatic endocrine tumors
      3. Pancreatitis
      4. Pancreatic pseudocyst and complications
      5. Congenital anomalies of the pancreas
      6. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable
7. Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal urinary system.
   1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
   2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
   3. Discuss proper scan orientation
   4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
   5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
   6. Discuss the protocol for a renal or bladder sonogram
8. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the urinary system.
   1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:
      1. Urinary obstruction
      2. Renal tumors
      3. Medical renal disease
      4. Renal cystic disease
      5. Urinary stones
      6. Nephrocalcinosis and medullary sponge kidney
      7.  Bladder diverticula
      8. Cystitis
      9. Neurogenic bladder
      10. Congenital renal anomalies
      11. Pyelonephritis and complications
   2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable
9. Demonstrate knowledge of pathology and its correlation to sonographic appearance for the retroperitoneum.
   1. Describe the sonographic findings for pathology and disease processes to include:
      1. Aortic aneurysm
      2. Lymphadenopathy
   2. Describe Doppler techniques and applications where applicable
10. Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal spleen and adrenal glands.
    1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
    2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
    3. Discuss proper scan orientation
    4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
    5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
    6. Discuss the protocol for a spleen sonogram
11. Demonstrate knowledge of physiology, anatomy and sonographic appearances of the normal GI system.
    1. Identify normal and relational anatomy
    2. Discuss transducer design and equipment requirements
    3. Discuss proper scan orientation
    4. Describe how to take measurements and indicate normal ranges
    5. Discuss physiology as it relates to sonographic imaging and interpretation
    6. Discuss the protocol for a GI sonogram
12. Demonstrate knowledge of abdominal and pelvic cavities and spaces.
    1. Describe the peritoneum and retroperitoneum and the membranes that form the cavities
    2. List peritoneal and retroperitoneal spaces and cavities
    3. Describe the ligaments and mesenteries that hold the abdominal/pelvic organs
13. Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the role of the sonographer in evaluating scanning protocol modifications based on the sonographic findings and differential diagnosis.
    1. Demonstrate ability to recognize indications and contraindications for the exam and exam modification
    2. Demonstrate ability to correlate patient history with sonographic findings and make exam modifications as necessary
    3. Demonstrate ability to correlate exam findings with patient history to produce a differential list
14. Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of the role of the sonographer in patient management.
    1. Demonstrates the ability to take a complete patient history according to the exam ordered
    2. Demonstrates the ability to correlate patient history with related imaging, other testing and lab procedures and outcomes