ST 251W - Operating Room Seminar

1. Demonstrate effective communication and language skills.
   1. Communicate in acceptable English and in medical terminology appropriate to the discipline.
      1. Understand and critically evaluate what is read.
      2. Write in a clear, organized, succinct, and effective manner.
      3. Demonstrate proper spelling, grammar, and sentence structure in formal writing.
      4. Use medical terminology accurately and appropriately.
      5. Speak effectively when participating in class discussion.
   2. Analyze data and discipline-based knowledge to formulate logical conclusions.
      1. Integrate and correlate concepts from different courses.
      2. Exhibit development of both inductive and deductive reasoning skills.
      3. Demonstrate problem-solving skills in both hypothetical and clinical situations.
      4. Recognize patterns and trends in data and be able to justify any conclusions drawn.
      5. Make predictions based on evidence.
      6. Differentiate coincidental and causal relationships.
      7. Take a position on an issue and provide evidence or adequate rationale to support that position.
   3. Work constructively within a group.
      1. Demonstrate respect and consideration for others.
      2. Listen to, respect, and critically evaluate the ideas and opinions of others.
      3. Respond appropriately to other’s communications.
      4. Value differences and diversity within a group.
      5. Contribute to the product(s) of a study or work group and accept responsibility for one’s own level of participation.
      6. Function within the guidelines established by the group.
      7. Identify and analyze one’s own values and responses.
      8. Respect the perspectives, values, and choices of others.
   4. Demonstrate the ability to access, analyze, and use information appropriate to the discipline.
      1. Identify and access appropriate print and media resources to expand his/her understanding of subject matter.
      2. Access web sites using URL’s and hyperlinks.
      3. Conduct an Internet search pertinent to course subject matter.
      4. Evaluate the quality of information gathered from print and electronic sources.
      5. Paraphrase, synthesize, and summarize information gathered from multiple sources.
      6. Demonstrate word processing skills for the preparation of written assignments.
      7. Use appropriate style to cite and document sources.
2. Interpret information contained in a patient’s chart.
   1. Describe the organization of a patient’s chart.
   2. Given examples, translate commonly used charting abbreviations and symbols.
   3. Correctly use charting abbreviations and symbols.
3. Demonstrate ability to recognize deviations from normal vital signs for diagnostic methods.
   1. Describe and demonstrate the proper methods for measuring Vital Signs, and discuss the importance in patient monitoring.
   2. Differentiate a “sign” vs. a “symptom” and give examples of each.
   3. Identify the normal adult respiratory rate and factors that may affect the quality, rate and rhythm of respirations.
   4. Define Cheyne-Stokes and Kussmaul breathing patterns and explain their significance.
   5. Identify the normal adult pulse rate and factors that may affect the rate, strength and rhythm of the pulse.
   6. List and locate the pulse (and pressure) points on the human body.
   7. Identify the normal adult blood pressure and factors that may affect it, and explain indirect and direct methods of blood pressure measurement.
   8. Explain the significance of systolic and diastolic pressures in hemodynamic physiology.
   9. Define Central Venous Pressure and identify factors that may affect it.
   10. Explain the methods, importance and uses of CVP determination.
   11. Discuss normal rates of urine output and the significance of its measurement during surgery.
   12. Identify various methods of measuring body temperature, the normal values for each method, and possible causes for above-normal and subnormal temperature readings.
   13. Discuss methods of regulating body temperature during surgery.
   14. Differentiate what happens to blood pressure, pulse, respirations, body temperature, urine output, skin color and skin texture in cases of infection, hemorrhage, shock, aphylaxis,hypoxia and hemolytic transfusion reaction.
   15. Discuss the use of a pulse oximeter, end-tidal CO2 monitor, and peripheral nerve stimulator during surgery.
   16. Define shock in physiologic terms, and discuss the mechanisms responsible for the signs and symptoms of shock.
   17. State the normal blood volume of an adult, and list the signs and symptoms that are related to progressive blood loss (hypovolemia).
   18. List the components of the general treatment measures for shock.
   19. List the categories of pharmacologic agents used in the definitive treatment of shock, in their proper order of use, and give examples of specific agents used.
   20. List possible causes of respiratory and cardiac arrest.
   21. Discuss the effects of serum potassium levels on the myocardium.
   22. Describe the treatment of cardiac arrest, including proper methods of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, indications for open cardiac massage, appropriate emergency drugs, and the use of defibrillation.
   23. Discuss the appropriate roles of the various members of the surgical team during cardiac resuscitation, and explain the importance of record-keeping during “Code” procedures
4. Demonstrate ability to participate in interventional activities.
   1. Explain how an electrocardiogram reading is derived and identify the proper placement of EKG lead electrodes on a patient in the O.R.
   2. Using a typical (Lead II) EKG tracing, define what cardiac events are indicated by the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave.
   3. Discuss how an individual EKG configuration can indicate abnormal conditions of the heart.
   4. Define Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR).
   5. Define and discuss the causes, typical EKG pattern, and treatment of various cardiac dysrhythmias.
   6. Identify the kinds of cardiac dysrhythmias that may require a permanent pacemaker.
   7. Differentiate cardioversion from defibrillation, and explain the physiologic action and purpose of a defibrillating shock.
   8. Discuss the uses of a Holter monitor and an Implantable Cardiovertor Defibrillator.
   9. List the components of a Urinalysis, their normal values, and examples of causes of abnormal findings.
   10. Analyze the meaning of given examples of ABG results.
5. Demonstrate knowledge of treatments for common types of traumatic injuries.​    
   1. Discuss the extent and impact of traumatic injury in American society.
   2. Define “the Golden Hour”.
   3. Describe the ACS rating of Trauma Centers and the types of services involved.
   4. Define “triage” as it applies to multiple patients and to multiple injuries on the same patient.
   5. Discuss the proper handling of the clothing and any legal evidence from a trauma patient.
   6. In the treatment of trauma victims, differentiate the preliminary evaluation and resuscitation from the definitive evaluation.
   7. List examples of injuries that are immediately life-threatening.
   8. Define the Glasgow Coma Scale and discuss methods for assessing levels of consciousness.
   9. List possible causes of unconsciousness.
   10. List grades of blood loss status and the indicative signs and symptoms of each; relate this to volume replacement therapy.
   11. Discuss special considerations with injuries to children and to pregnant patients.
   12. Epidural hemorrhage or hematoma
   13. Subdural hematomas (acute, subacute, and chronic)
   14. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
   15. Explain special O.R. rules for dealing with trauma patients.
   16. Describe a complete neurologic examination.
   17. Discuss the types of direct/primary head injuries and the methods of diagnosis and treatment for each.
   18. Discuss the types of secondary head injuries and the methods of diagnosis and treatment for
   19. Define terminology related to head injuries, explain the clinical correlates of increasing intracranial pressure, and discuss the monitoring of head injury patients.
   20. Discuss types of vertebral and spinal cord injuries and their methods of diagnosis and treatment.
   21. Discuss emerging new therapies for spinal cord injuries.
6. Demonstrate ability to regulate emotional reactions.
   1. Participate in a weekly discussion of events and feelings experienced during the hospital Clinical Externship.
   2. Keep a daily journal of experiences in the hospitals, to be turned in weekly.
   3. Exhibit sensitivity and appropriate responses to emotional stresses in others.
   4. Recognize and initiate efforts to resolve problems in interpersonal relationships in the clinical setting.
   5. Act as a resource to classmates and others having interpersonal difficulties.
7. Prepare a researched Patient Case Study.
   1. Find and cite the appropriate information on the patient’s hospital chart.
   2. Effectively use a medical library for research.
   3. Identify other appropriate resources, including persons.
   4. Present a written discussion of the disease process or abnormality (anatomy, physiology and pathology), pre-operative diagnostic tests and pharmacologic therapy, pre-operative preparation, the surgical procedure performed, any life-style changes that may result, and the prognosis.
   5. Write in a clear, organized and effective manner, using proper terminology, spelling, and grammar and sentence structure.
   6. Utilize appropriate citations to resource literature, including a proper form of bibliography.
8. Pass a comprehensive examination covering all the subject matter presented throughout the entire program.
   1. Demonstrate understanding of various theories and perspectives embodied in the discipline and its basic science foundations.
   2. Demonstrate understanding of aseptic and safety practices in the perioperative setting.
   3. Demonstrate entry-level knowledge of surgical procedures and techniques.
   4. Demonstrate entry-level knowledge of instruments, supplies and equipment used in surgery.
   5. Demonstrate entry-level knowledge of surgical anatomy, pharmacology and microbiology
9. Demonstrate understanding to the influence of ethics in professional practice.
   1. Discuss the role of morality during ethical decision-making.
   2. Discuss examples of ethical situation and problems in the health professions.
   3. Demonstrate the key elements related to developing a surgical conscience.
   4. Discuss principles of patient confidentiality including verbal and written.
   5. Ethical Conflicts in clinical Practice
      1. Abortion
      2. Animal experimentation
      3. Communicable diseases
      4. Elective sterilization
      5. Genetic engineering
      6. Gender reassignment
      7. Good Samaritan Law
      8. Human experimentation
      9. Medicare Fraud
      10. Organ donation and transplantation
      11. Refusal of treatment
      12. Reproductive technology
      13. In-vitro fertilization
      14. Artificial insemination
      15. Right to die
      16. Assisted suicide
      17. End of life decisions
      18. Substance abuse
      19. Impaired health care provider
      20. Self
      21. System cell research
      22. Work place violence
10. Assess current trends and employment opportunities for the surgical technologist.
    1. Develop a plan of action to secure employment in the health care field.
    2. Evaluate personal employability qualities and develop an employment strategy that includes positive characteristics.
       1. accountability
       2. adaptability
       3. commitment to continuing education
       4. conflict resolution
       5. dedication
    3. Develop a professional resume.
       1. Resume preparation
       2. Required elements
    4. Compare and contrast various types of employment/application correspondence.
       1. Correspondence
       2. Acceptance letter
       3. Cover letter
       4. Letter of refusal
       5. Professional reference letter
       6. Thank you letter
       7. Employment application form
    5. Analyze various interview strategies.
       1. Interview preparations
       2. Resignation
          1. Notice
             1. Verbal
             2. Written
       3. Exit interview