SKMT 111 - Metals

1. List the materials related criteria of engineering design.
   1. List the decisions that need to be addressed when selecting materials for design purposes.
   2. Give the names of the five groups of engineering materials.
   3. List the four levels of structure for materials.
   4. Distinguish between mechanical and physical properties.
2. Describe the mechanical tests typically used to characterize materials.
   1. Explain what is measured by a hardness test.
   2.  Explain which properties of a material are measured by a tensile test.
   3. Distinguish between elastic and plastic behavior of materials.
   4. Explain what is measured by an impact test.
   5. Describe what material property is measured by a fatigue test.
   6. Explain the conduct of a creep test and describe the material properties measured.
3. Describe the elemental characteristics of atomic structure.
   1. Give the place of atomic structure within the four levels of structure for all materials.
   2.  Describe the mechanisms of atomic binding.
   3. List the names of materials groups.
   4. List the four characteristic properties of metals.
4. Describe the common characteristics of atomic arrangement for materials.
   1.  List the ideal levels for atomic arrangements.
   2.  Distinguish between amorphous and crystalline materials.
   3.  List the common unit cells for materials.
   4. Give the relationship between atomic packing factor and coordination number.
   5.  Name and describe the atomic planes along which crystalline materials deform.
   6. Distinguish between allotropic and polymorphic materials.
   7. Explain isotropic behavior of materials.
5. Characterize the imperfections of atomic arrangements in materials.
   1. List the reasons for the intentional control of imperfections of atomic arrangement of materials.
   2. Name the various kinds of imperfections found in the atomic arrangement of materials.
   3. Explain “critical resolved shear stress” and its importance in accounting for the plastic deformation of materials.
   4. Use the concept of atomic imperfections to describe point defects and grain boundary crystalline defects.
   5. Describe the common materials strengthening mechanisms based on crystal lattice defects.
   6. Use the concept of atomic diffusion to name and describe industrial processes where materials properties are determined.
6. Elaborate how the processes of strain strengthening and annealing are used to determine and control materials properties.
   1. Explain the effects of strain on the properties of materials.
   2. Relate the effects of strain on the number dislocation sites in a material.
   3. Distinguish between the strain mechanism of crystalline materials and thermoplastic polymers.
   4.  List the effects of strain on hardness, strengths, and ductility of materials.
   5.  Give the effects of strain on the annealed grain size of materials.
   6. Give the effects of annealing time, temperature, and deformation on the grain size of  materials.
   7. Examine grain structures with microscopes.
7. Relate the conditions of liquid to solid transformation of materials to the properties of materials.
   1. Describe how the rate of cooling from the liquid (melt) to the crystalline state (solid) affect the grain size of materials.
   2. Distinguish between chill grains, columnar grains, and equiaxed grains of a cast metal.
   3. Elaborate on the benefits of fusion welds that produce fine grains and smaller fusion zones.
   4. Name and explain the common metal casting processes.
8. Explain the mechanism of solid solution alloys.
   1. List the possible levels of solubility for any two crystalline materials.
   2. Read diagrams of phase equilibrium to determine freeze and melt temperatures and phase compositions.
   3. Calculate the freeze range for specific alloy compositions.
   4. Calculate phase compositions and fractional amounts for alloys with partial solubility.
9. Explain the mechanism of solid solution and dispersion strengthening by solidification.
   1. Distinguish between the effects on mechanical of the size, shape, amount, and distribution of precipitate particles.
   2. Distinguish between solid solutions, compounds, and pure metals.
   3. Distinguish between an ordered and normal (disordered) crystal lattice.
   4. Describe the eutectic reaction
10. Explain dispersion strengthening by precipitation hardening and alloying.
    1. List and explain the steps of precipitation hardening.
    2. Give the conditions for an alloy in order for age hardening to be effective.
    3. Explain the effects on mechanical properties if an age-hardened alloy is exposed to excessive heat.
    4. List all the names and nominal properties of the phases within the iron-iron carbide equilibrium alloy system.
11. Explain Dispersion strengthening by phase transformation, alloying, and heat treatment.
    1. Explain the ways to promote the formation of fine eutectoid lamellae.
    2. Read isothermal transformation diagrams for steels to predict structures and mechanical properties.
    3. Explain the purpose of tempering martensitic steels.
    4. Give the causes, effects, and remedy of residual stress in martensitic steels.
    5. List the reasons steels are alloyed with elements other than carbon.
    6. Explain why steels are sometime given a case-core structure.
    7. Distinguish between hardness and hardenability of steels.
12. Distinguish between the characteristics of cast irons.
    1. Name the principal elements of cast irons.
    2. Name the basic kinds of cast irons.
    3. Describe the effects of silicon on the properties of cast irons.
    4. Describe the best combination of graphite particle size and distribution for cast irons.
    5. Explain why white and gray irons have low ductility.
13. Characterize the forms, mechanisms, and environments of material failure.
    1. Name and describe the common fracture mechanisms.
    2. Describe the evidence to indicate a ductile failure.
    3. Describe the evidence to indicate a brittle failure.
    4. What is the effect of temperature and rate of load application on failure mechanism.
    5. List the conditions that are frequently implicated as causes for the start of a fatigue fracture.
    6.  List service conditions that can contribute to material failure