LWT 175 - Advanced First Aid and Emergency Care

1. The student can describe and explain the concepts and components of advanced first aid and life threatening emergencies, and the steps to take in any emergency situation.
   1. Identify the six parts of the EMS system.
   2. Describe the function of each part of the EMS system.
   3. Describe his/her role in the EMS system.
   4. List the five common barriers to action that may prevent people from responding to emergencies.
   5. Define the four conditions that have to be present for a disease to be transmitted in a first aid situation.
   6. Identify the three emergency action steps and describe each.
   7. Identify four important questions to be answered when checking the emergency scene.
   8. List the three things the victim must be told to get permission to give care.
   9. List the four conditions considered life threatening in an emergency situation.
   10. Identify the eight body systems and the major structures in each system.
   11. Describe the primary functions of each of the eight body systems.
   12. Identify the four life-threatening conditions.
   13. Describe how to perform the check for each life threatening condition.
   14. List six guidelines for preventing disease transmission.
   15. Explain what influences your decision whether to transport a victim to a medical facility.
   16. Identify ten signs and symptoms of respiratory distress.
   17. Describe the care for a person experiencing respiratory distress.
   18. Describe when and how to use breathing devices.
   19. Describe special considerations for rescue breathing.
   20. Identify the common causes of heart attack.
   21. List the signs and symptoms of a heart attack.
   22. Describe the care for a person suffering a heart attack.
   23. Identify the primary sign of cardiac arrest.
   24. Describe the purpose of CPR.
   25. Explain how to perform CPR on an adult, child, or infant.
   26. Identify the risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be controlled.
   27. Explain why severe bleeding must be controlled immediately.
   28. List three major functions of the blood.
   29. Identify 12 signs and symptoms of internal bleeding.
   30. Describe care for severe bleeding and internal bleeding.
   31. List two conditions that can result in shock.
   32. Define and describe shock.
   33. Explain what care can be given to minimize shock.
   34. List two signs and symptoms.
   35. Describe the best defense against infection of an open wound.
   36. List two purposes of bandaging.
   37. Describe how to care for open and closed wounds and wounds with an impaled object.
   38. List four sources of burns.
   39. Describe two types of burns.
   40. Explain when to call EMS personnel for a burn.
   41. List the basic steps for burn care and describe them.
   42. Describe how to care for thermal, chemical, electrical, and radiation burns.
   43. Identify the four main structures of the musculoskeletal system.
   44. List six common signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries.
   45. List three signs and symptoms that would cause you to suspect a serious musculoskeletal injury.
   46. Describe the general care for musculoskeletal injuries.
   47. List the five purposes of immobilizing an injury.
   48. List four principles of splinting.
   49. Name the most common cause of head, neck, and back injuries.
   50. List at least 14 signs and symptoms of head, neck, and back injuries.
   51. Describe how to effectively minimize movement of the victim's head and spine.
   52. Describe how to care for specific injuries to the head, face, neck, and lower back.
   53. Explain why injuries to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis can be fatal.
   54. List the five general steps of care for injuries to the chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
   55. List the seven signs and symptoms of a chest injury.
   56. Describe how to care for rib fractures.
   57. Describe how to care for a sucking chest wound.
   58. Describe the care for open and closed abdominal and pelvic injuries.
   59. Describe how to care for injuries to the genitals.
   60. Identify the signs and symptoms of four specific sudden illnesses.
   61. List six general guidelines of care for someone who suddenly becomes ill.
   62. Describe the care for a person who faints.
   63. Describe the care for a person who you suspect is having a stroke.
   64. List six ways to reduce the risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
   65. List the four ways poisons enter the body.
   66. Identify 15 signs and symptoms of poisoning.
   67. List ways to prevent ingested, inhaled, and absorbed poisoning.
   68. Identify five signs and symptoms of the most common types of bites and stings.
   69. Describe how to care for human bites.
   70. Describe how to care for domestic and wild animal bites.
   71. Identify the six main categories of commonly misused or abused substances.
   72. Identify the signs and symptoms that may indicate substance misuse or abuse.
   73. Describe how to care for someone who you suspect or know is misusing or abusing a substance.
   74. Explain how you can help prevent unintentional drug misuse.
   75. List six signs and symptoms that can result from over exposure to heat.
   76. List the signs and symptoms of heat stroke.
   77. Describe the care for heat-related illness.
   78. List four signs and symptoms of frostbite.
2. The student can describe and explain the concepts and components of advanced first aid and life threatening emergencies, and the steps to take in any emergency situation.
   1. Describe the care for hypothermia.
   2. Describe five ways to help prevent heat- and coll- related illness.
   3. List limitations you should be aware of before you attempt to move someone.
   4. List situations in which an emergency move of a victim is necessary.
   5. Describe the guidelines you should follow when moving someone.
   6. Describe two out-of-water assists that you can use to help someone who is in trouble in the water.
   7. List the general guidelines for caring for an injured person in the water who you suspect may have a spinal injury.
   8. Describe two methods to support or stabilize a victim’s head and neck in water.
   9. Describe considerations for checking an infant, a toddler, a preschooler, a school-ager, and an adolescent.
   10. Explain how to observe an ill or injured child and how to communicate with the parents or caregiver.
   11. Explain ways of communicating with victims who are hearing impaired.
   12. Explain what you should do if you come across a crime scene or hostile victim.
   13. Describe the four stages of labor.
   14. Identify six factors you need to know to determine the mother’s condition before birth.
   15. Describe how to assist with the delivery of a baby.
   16. Identify the two priorities of care for a newborn.
   17. Describe three steps to take in caring for the mother after delivery.
   18. Identify four possible complications of childbirth that require EMS care.
   19. List three types of problems that could create a delayed-help situation.
   20. Describe the information you should gather in a delayed-help situation before making a plan to get help.
   21. List four ways to get help in a delayed-help situation.
   22. List the steps to take before leaving a victim alone for an extended period of time.
   23. Describe the types of shelter you can use or construct.
   24. List four steps you can take to reduce your risk of personal injury.
   25. List four elements of a fire escape plan.
   26. List the three leading causes of accidental home death.
   27. Identify 15 ways to make our home a safer place.
   28. List, in order, the food groups shown on the Food Guide Pyramid.
   29. List six physical indicators of negative stress.
   30. List the risks of smoking.
3. The student can demonstrate the concepts and components of advanced first aid and life threatening emergencies.
   1. Demonstrate how to check for life-threatening emergencies.
   2. Demonstrate how to make appropriate decisions when given an example of an emergency situation requiring you to check a victim.
   3. Demonstrate how to provide rescue breathing for adult, child, and infant victims.
   4. Demonstrate how to care for conscious adult, child, and infant choking victims.
   5. Demonstrate how to care for unconscious adult, child, and infant choking victims.
   6. Demonstrate to give CPR to adult, child, and infant victims.
   7. Demonstrate how to make appropriate decisions in an emergency situation in which a person has suffered a cardiac arrest.
   8. Demonstrate how to control external bleeding.
   9. Demonstrate how to make appropriate decision in an emergency situation in which a person is bleeding internally.
   10. Demonstrate how to immobilize an injury.
   11. Demonstrate proper splinting techniques.
   12. Demonstrate proper care for a victim suffering from a head, neck, or back injury.
   13. Demonstrate care for a victim with rib fractures.
   14. Demonstrate proper care for a victim you suspect is suffering from a stroke.
   15. Demonstrate good communication with a victim, the victims, parents, and any bystanders that may be present in an emergency situation.