LWT 251 - Exercise Physiology

1. Draw conclusions from data about physiological responses to acute and chronic exercise.
   1. Draw graphs from collected data.
   2. Describe data displayed on graphs.
2. Describe appropriate research methods for exploring physiological responses.
   1. Distinguish between various study designs.
   2. Explain factors necessary to control.
   3. Describe placebo effect and its relationship to exercise physiology and sports performance research.
3. Communicate physiological concepts of acute and chronic exercise to various audiences.
   1. Utilize various presentation tools.
4. Use diagnostic tools (weight machines, metabolic cart, dynamometers….) to evaluate the impact of acute and chronic exercise training on physiological parameters.
   1. Utilize weight machines and dynamometers to measure strength.
   2. Utilize metabolic cart to collect and analyze data.
5. Solve equations related to physiological concepts.
   1. Calculate caloric expenditure, oxygen consumption, power, and various other physiological markers using standard equations.
6. Demonstrate an understanding of how acute and chronic exercise impact wellness.
   1. Discuss the impact exercise has on various dimensions of wellness.
   2. Explain how exercise science supports the FITT principle.
7. Describe the basic structure and function of skeletal muscles in relationship to acute and chronic exercise.
   1. Explain muscle contraction.
   2. Describe the important structures in a muscle fiber and sarcomere.
   3. Describe different types of muscle and muscle fibers.
   4. Explain the different types of muscle contractions and their importance in exercise training.
   5. Explain the factors that impact force generation.
8. Demonstrate understanding of ATP production
   1. For each of the bioenergetics pathways, explain substrates utilized, when it is the predominate pathway, and advantages and disadvantages of each pathway.
   2. For each of the bioenergetics pathways, describe the basic sequence of events that lead to ATP production.
   3. Explain the connection between ATP production, oxygen consumption, and caloric expenditure.
9. Discuss neural control of exercising muscle.
   1. Describe an action potential.
   2. Explain the neural factors that impact muscle force generation.
   3. Explain the importance of neural structures in the central nervous system and their relationship to exercise.
   4. Describe the difference between a reflex and a complex motor skill.
   5. Explain the roles of Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles in relationship to exercise.
10. Explain hormonal control during exercise.
    1. Identify the hormones and explain their roles in the regulation of fat metabolism.
    2. Identify the hormones and explain their roles in fluid regulation.
    3. Identify the hormones and explain their roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
    4. Identify the hormones and explain their roles in the regulation of red blood cell production.
11. Demonstrate an understanding of energy expenditure during exercise.
    1. Describe both direct and indirect calorimetry.
    2. Explain energy systems fatigue.
    3. Explain metabolic by-products fatigue.
    4. Explain neuromuscular fatigue.
12. Demonstrate understanding of the cardiovascular system.
    1. Define and describe relationships between stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and heart rate.
    2. Describe the heart's electrical conduction system and how this relates to phases of relaxation, contraction, and EKG strips.
    3. Explain the constituents that make up whole blood and how the manipulation of these can impact exercise performance.
    4. Describe how blood is distributed in our body during rest and exercise.
    5. Explain how blood flow is controlled.
    6. Explain the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance and how this relationship impacts blood pressure.
13. Demonstrate understanding of the respiratory system.
    1. Explain the process of inspiration and expiration.
    2. Define and calculate partial pressures of gases.
    3. Discuss the importance of partial pressure of gases in the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body and during exercise.
    4. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the body.
    5. Explain the oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve and what happens to this curve during exercise conditions.
    6. Define (a-v)O₂difference.
14. Explain the cardiorespiratory responses to acute exercise.
    1. Explain how the following variables impact exercise performance: stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and heart rate.
    2. Explain how the following variables impact exercise performance: blood volume, blood viscosity, blood lactate.
    3. Explain how the following variables impact exercise performance: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure.
    4. Explain how the various bioenergetics pathways respond to exercise demands.
15. Explain the neuromuscular adaptations to chronic resistance training.
    1. Describe the basic sequences of events in DOMS.
    2. Describe the muscular adaptations that take place as a result of chronic resistance training.
    3. Describe the neural adaptations that take place as a result of chronic resistance training.
    4. Explain what occurs within the musculature with a period of detraining.
16. Explain the physiological adaptations to both aerobic and anaerobic training.
    1. Explain how the following variables are impacted by chronic exercise training: stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and heart rate.
    2. Explain how the following variables are impacted by chronic exercise training: blood volume, blood viscosity, blood lactate.
    3. Explain how the following variables are impacted by chronic exercise training: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure.
    4. Explain how the various bioenergetics pathways are impacted by chronic exercise training.
    5. Explain the impact that chronic exercise training has on various hormones.
17. Describe the physiological responses to both acute and chronic exposure to extreme environments.
    1. Explain how the following variables are impacted by acute and chronic exposure to altitude, hot environments, and cold environments: stroke volume, cardiac output, ejection fraction, end diastolic volume, end systolic volume, and heart rate.
    2. Explain how the following variables are impacted by acute and chronic exposure to altitude, hot environments, and cold environments: blood volume, blood viscosity, blood lactate.
    3. Explain how the following variables are impacted by acute and chronic exposure to altitude, hot environments, and cold environments: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure.
    4. Explain how the various bioenergetics pathways are impacted by acute and chronic exposure to altitude, hot environments, and cold environments.
    5. Explain the impact that acute and chronic exposure to altitude, hot environments, and cold environments has on various hormones.
18. Discuss the impact that personal factors have on both acute and chronic exercise.
    1. Describe the benefits associated with exercise on various acute and chronic diseases.
    2. Explain the impact that age and sex have on ability to increase fitness.
    3. Explain the impact that obesity has on acute and chronic exercise.
19. Explore the impact of performance from ergogenic aids.
    1. Explain risks and benefits of various ergogenic aids.
    2. Explain the difference between nutritional and physiological aids.