DMS 201 - Advanced Sonographic Imaging

1. Demonstrate understanding of normal and abnormal sonographic findings of the neonatal and infant brain.
   1. Describe sonographic techniques in neurological imaging.
   2. Differentiate between coronal and sagittal brain scans.
   3. Recognize the normal developmental anatomy with sonographic findings.
   4. List the various disorders of neural tube closure along with their associated findings.
   5. Differentiate between alobar, semilobar, and lobar holoprosencephaly.
   6. Define Schizencephaly.
   7. Describe three destructive lesions of the neonatal brain.
   8. Discuss the sonographic findings and etiologies of hydrocephalus.
   9. Describe the four grades of hemorrhage.
   10. Define periventricular leukomalacia.
   11. Discuss the sonographic findings of infection.
2. Discuss advances in the field of sonography.
   1. Discuss the need for contrast agents in ultrasound.
   2. Describe the type of contrast agents used in sonography.
   3. Discuss the impact of contrast enhancement.
   4. List artifacts found in conrast studies and techniques to avoid them.
   5. Describe new developments in contrast imaging.
3. Demonstrate understanding of fundamental elements for establishing and operating an ultrasound department.
   1. List the main criteria for a quality assurance and improvement program.
   2. Discuss how a quality assurance program would be established and operated.
   3. Discuss record maintenance of an imaging department.
   4. Discuss fiscal management of an imaging department.
   5. Outline specifications for a hypothetical ultrasound lab.
   6. Explain criteria used in determining what types of ultrasound equipment should be purchased for specific needs.
   7. Describe methods for establishing and maintaining a teaching file system for the purpose of continuing education and improvement in accuracy of diagnosis.
   8. Discuss personnel management in an imaging department.
   9. Outline basic trends in health care systems.
4. Identify normal sonographic anatomy, as well as pathologic and disease processes, of the gastrointestinal tract.
   1. List the four layers of the gut.
   2. Recognize the "gut signature".
   3. Recognize basic gut wall pathology.
   4. List four types of GI neoplasms.
   5. Identify the sonographic findings of Chrohn's disease.
   6. Describe the technique for evaluating the appendix.
   7. Describe the sonographic and clinical features of appendicitis.
   8. Define diverticulitis and describe the sonographic findings.
   9. Outline sonographic findings in GI tract infections.
   10. Have a basic knowledge of the various miscellaneous GI tract abnormalities.
   11. Describe enodosonography.
5. Identify normal sonographic anatomy, as well as pathologic and disease processes of the abdominal wall, peritoneum, and diaphragm.
   1. Differentiate between lesions, hernias, and hematomas of the abdominal wall.
   2. Identify abdominal wall fluid collections.
   3. Recognize vascular lesions of the abdominal wall.
   4. Identify the peritoneum and diaphragm.
   5. Have a basic understanding of various peritoneal pathologies.
   6. Describe the sonographic findings of a diaphragmatic hernia.
   7. Recognize artifacts when imaging the diaphragm.
6. Identify normal sonographic anatomy, as well as pathologic and disease processes of the thorax.
   1. Define pleural space.
   2. Explain the different approaches to scanning pleural fluid.
   3. Define pneumothorax.
   4. Recognize the normal sonographic appearance of lungs parenchyma.
   5. Recognize the normal sonographic appearance of the mediastinum.
7. Identify normal sonographic anatomy, as well as pathologic and disease processes of the pediatric abdomen.
   1. Outline normal abdominal anatomy in the pediatric abdomen.
   2. Explain the following terms:
      1. Choledochal Cyst
      2. Biliary Atresia
      3. Neonatal Hepatitis
      4. Neonatal Jaundice
   3. Recognize the sonographic features of liver abscess.
   4. Describe the various types of renal cystic diseases.
   5. Differentiate between the various types of hydronephrosis.
   6. Differentiate between Wilm’s tumor, neuroblastoma, and mosoblastic nephroma.
   7. Describe the scanning technique for pyloric stenosis.
   8. List the parameters for pyloric stenosis.
8. Demonstrate an understanding of basic procedures using sonographic guidance.
   1. Explain sterile technique procedures when using ultrasound for an interventional procedure.
   2. List needle selection choices for interventional procedures.
   3. Describe a basic biopsy procedure using ultrasound guidance.
   4. Describe a basic drainage procedure using ultrasound guidance.
   5. Explain techniques for needle visualization during invasive procedures.
   6. List indications for invasive procedures in the abdomen, pelvis, and small parts.
   7. List indications for invasive procedures in an obstetrical patient.
   8. Discuss sterile techniques and protocols for intraoperative scanning.
9. Identify normal sonographic anatomy, as well as pathologic and disease processes of the spleen.
   1. Understand embryology and anatomy of the spleen.
   2. Recognize anatomic structures of the spleen.
   3. Differentiate between benign and malignant lesions of the spleen.
   4. Describe the sonographic findings with spleen trauma.
   5. List congenital abnormalities of the spleen.
   6. Understand basic scanning techniques to identify normal and abnormal splenic anatomy.