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DH 123 - Dental RadiographyCredits: 2 Instructional Contact Hours: 2
Presents theory of characteristics of radiation, components and functions of x-ray equipment, x-ray production, radiation biology and safety as well as processing and technical errors.
Prerequisite(s): DH 110 , DH 111 , DH 112 , DH 114 , DH 115 , DH 116 , DH 118 each with a C (2.0) minimum grade. Corequisite(s): DH 120 , DH 121 , DH 122 , DH 123L , DH 124A , DH 125 , LW 206A Lecture Hours: 30 Lab Hours: 0 Meets MTA Requirement: None Pass/NoCredit: No
Outcomes and Objectives
- Describe the atomic structure and ionization process in the production of X-radiation.
- Recall the highlights in the history contributing to the development of radiology
- Describe the fundamental concepts of radiation physics
- Compare and contrast radiation and radioactivity
- Explain the theory of ionization in layman's terms.
- List the characteristics of particulate and electromagnetic radiation and give examples of each
- Identify the component parts of the x-ray machine, x-ray tubehead, and dental x-ray tube
- Describe in detail how dental x-rays are produced
- Compare and contrast general radiation and characteristic radiation
- Describe the four basic types of interaction between x-radiation and matter
- Explain how aspects of the x-ray beam are influenced by exposure factors.
- Describe the effect that the kilovoltage has on the quality of the x-ray beam and identify the range of kilovoltage required for dental imaging
- Describe how kilovoltage affects the density and contrast of the image
- Describe how milliamperage influences the quantity of the x-ray beam and identify the range of milliamperage required for dental imaging
- Describe how milliamperage affects the density of the image and how exposure time and milliamperage are related
- Describe how kilovoltage, milliamperage, exposure time, and source-to-receptor distance influence the intensity using the inverse square law
- Calculate an example of radiation intensity using the inverse square law
- Explain how the half-value layer determines the penetrating quality of the x-ray beam
- Define key terms associated with film image characteristics
- List the factors that influence density and contrast
- Differentiate between radiolucent and radiopaque areas on a dental image
- Identify images of high contrast, low contrast, no contrast, short-scale contrast, and long-scale contrast
- Describe a stepwedge and explain its function
- Describe how the focal spot size, film composition and movement contribute to penumbra
- Compare and contrast the terms magnification and distortion
- List the factors that influence magnification and distortion
- Detail the importance of operator competence in the dental radiographic procedures
- Demonstrate knowledge needed to produce conventional dental images.
- Compare and contrast manual and automatic film processing
- Describe film processing errors resulting from time, temperature, chemical contamination, film handling, and lighting
- Describe the various tests used to check the quality of film, darkroom, automatic processor, developer and fixer
- Discuss the basic elements of a quality administration program
- Describe the need to protect the operator and the patient from unnecessary radiation exposure due to damaging biological effects.
- Classify the various body tissues as to their radiosensitivity.
- Describe the sequence of radiation injury and list the determining factors for radiation injury.
- Describe the effects of radiation exposure on cells, tissues, and organs.
- Discuss the short-term and long-term effects as well as the somatic and genetic effects of radiation exposure
- Define the units of measurement used in radiation exposure
- Discuss dental radiation and exposure risks
- Discuss with the dental patient the risk versus benefit of dental images
- Describe in detail the basics of patient protection before x-ray exposure
- Discuss the different types of filtration, and state the recommended total filtration for dental x-ray machines operating above and below 70kv
- Describe the collimator used in dental x-ray machines and state the recommended diameter of the useful beam at the patient’s skin
- Demonstrate ways to protect the patient from excessive radiation during x-ray exposure
- Describe the importance of receptor handling and processing after patient exposure to x-radiation
- Discuss operator protection in terms of adequate distance, shielding and avoidance of the useful beam
- Describe personnel and equipment monitoring devices used to detect radiation
- Discuss radiation exposure guidelines, including radiation safety legislation, maximum permissible dose (MPD), and the ALARA concept
- Discuss with the dental patient radiation protection steps used before, during and after exposure to x-radiation
- Detail the equipment and patient preparation necessary before exposure to x-radiation using extraoral and three-dimensional digital imaging
- Identify advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional imaging
- Demonstrate dental image interpretation utilizing appropriate descriptive terminology
- Define key terms associated with interpreting images
- Describe who is able to interpret images by defining the roles of the dentist and the dental auxiliary in the interpretation of dental images
- Compare and contrast the terms interpretation and diagnosis
- Describe how interpretation of dental images is documented
- Describe how interpretation can be used to educate the dental patient about the importance and use of dental images
- Identify and describe radiopaque and radiolucent lesions on a dental image
- Identify and describe restorations on a dental image
- Identify and describe foreign objects
- Discuss factors that may influence the dental image interpretation of dental caries
- Explain the classification of caries on dental images
- Identify and describe the appearance of caries on a dental image
- Identify conditions that may be confused with dental caries including cervical burnout, restorative materials, attrition, and abrasion
- Compare the film type and film contrast needed to interpret caries and periodontal disease
- Identify examples of horizontal and vertical bone loss on dental images
- Identify examples of localized and generalized bone loss on dental images
- Describe the corresponding appearance of the American Dental Association (ADA) periodontal case types on dental images
- Identify the various extraoral images.
- Define the key terms associated with extraoral imaging
- Describe the purpose and uses of extraoral imaging
- Describe the head position, the receptor placement, and beam alignment for the various extraoral images
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